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Operation theatre, ICU and critical-care HVAC for hospitals

Modular theatres, laminar airflow and the pressure relationships across an OT block, with the air-change and humidity records an accreditation assessment asks for.

Governed by

NABH · ISO 14644-1

The problem

What has to be controlled, and what usually goes wrong

Every one of these is a design decision rather than a commissioning adjustment, which is why they are settled before anything is ordered.

  • 01

    Protecting the surgical field

    A laminar airflow terminal has to be sized and positioned around the table and the team so the protected zone covers the working field. Fitting a standard terminal into a room already drawn is how theatres end up with a protected zone in the wrong place.

  • 02

    Pressure relationships across a live block

    A theatre is positive to its clean corridor, which is positive to the general corridor; an isolation room may be negative to everything around it. Those relationships only work as a continuous chain, so they are set across the whole block rather than room by room.

  • 03

    Infection control expressed in numbers

    Air changes, filtration grade, temperature and relative humidity bands and fresh-air proportion are all infection-control measures decided by the mechanical design. They are specified as figures, then measured and recorded.

  • 04

    Working around a hospital that cannot stop

    Most theatre work happens in a live building. The programme constraint is access and phasing rather than build time, so it is planned that way from the start.

Spaces

What we are asked to build

  • Modular operation theatres
  • Intensive and critical care units
  • Central sterile services departments
  • Isolation and negative-pressure rooms
  • Recovery and post-operative areas
  • Diagnostic and imaging suites

Standards

What governs the work here

NABH
Indian hospital accreditation standards
ISO 14644-1
Cleanroom classification by airborne particle count
What each standard requires